Gambling Casinos Essay - 868 Words

Gambling Casinos: A Plague on Society Gamblers no longer need to trek to Las Vegas or Atlantic City to find the action they so badly crave. It is available today in their own hometowns. Legalized gambling is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Gambling’s tremendous popularity is evident in the recent increase in the number of off-track betting parlors (OTB’s) and riverboat casinos that dot the midwest and the Mississippi Delta. Billboards on major highways depict the action and excitement available at such facilities. For most of the industry’s patrons, gambling is fun and a form of harmless entertainment. For the four to six percent of gamblers who become problem or pathological (compulsive) gamblers,†¦show more content†¦In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association accepted pathological gambling as a â€Å"disorder of impulse control â€Å". It is an illness that is chronic and progressive, but it can be diagnosed and treated . Some of the costs are: physical and psychological stress, significant increase of substance and alcohol abuse, major depressive disorders and attempted suicide. The gambling addict is basically a â€Å"slave† to the habit. He needs the stimulation that winning money creates and this possibility keeps him going. The underlining problem is a self-image of himself as a failure and this destroys his self esteem. Many of them have been laid off work or ousted from a relationship and gambling tends to distract one from thinking about one’s failures. Besides the negative effects that gambling can have directly on an individual, there are overwhelming economic and social costs of widespread casino gaming that many states (particularly the ones which allow legalized gambling) have to deal with. In 1996, Professors William N. Thompson and Ricardo C. Gazel of the University of Nevada Las Vegas conducted a BGA (Better Government Association) study on the effects of riverboat gam bling on the state of Illinois. Thompson and Gazel found that the social costs of one pathological gambler is $10,000 a year, this includes the economic cost of debt, insurance, crime, incarceration, andShow MoreRelatedIs Casino Gambling A Pastime?1998 Words   |  8 PagesCasino Gambling This day in age gambling has become a pastime that virtually everyone partakes in at least a few times in their lives. Nothing is quite as exhilarating as wasting some of your hard earned money to have a chance at winning big. This is the premise that many people believe and is partially why gambling and specifically casino gambling is so popular. The topic that I chose to do this sociological episode on is indeed casino gambling. The reason that I chose this topic is because ofRead MoreCasino Gambling Should Be Illegal887 Words   |  4 PagesHardwood English110 December 5, 2014 Casino Gambling Should be Illegal in Canada Casino when we hear this word the meaning comes to everyone’s mind- a place of entertainment, a place to try our luck, a place where we can earn with playing. In some sorts we are right casino is a place where we play game like a rolling of dice, playing cards, picking up team, all these games we play using money as a bet to earn more known as casino gambling. These games had meanings that were important toRead MoreOnline Gambling And Online Casino1782 Words   |  8 PagesWhat can players expect more of when it comes to online casino gaming in 2016? Considering it’s January, it is no shock to see that online casino industry analysts are clambering over themselves to issue predictions for the upcoming 12 months. 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What the Internet has done has workedRead MoreTexas Gambling: The Morality vs Legality of Casino Gambling Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesFor years casino gambling was portrayed in the media and Hollywood as being associated with criminal activities and the mafia. Now with proper scrutiny and government regulations casino gambling has become a lucrative business, with casinos stock even trading on Wall Street. Casino gambling is an ever increasingly popular and legal activity in many states throughout the United States. â€Å"The term gambling or ‘gaming’ as the industry calls it, means any legalized form of wagering or betting conductedRead MoreEffects Of Casino Gambling On The United States2737 Words   |  11 PagesCasino Gambling in the United States There is an extensive and constantly changing literature on the effects of casino gambling in the United States. As of December 2010, there were 939 commercial, tribal, and race track casinos operating in 38 states in the US (American Gaming Association, 2011.) In this paper, I will review the economic literature on the effect of casino gambling, looking at three categories: Price Sensitivity, Social Effects, and Location Determinants. This paper will exploreRead MoreOnline Gambling : Newtown Online Casino Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesNewTown Online Casino Malaysia The Most Preferred Online Casino Product in Malaysia Newtown Online Casino Malaysia (also known as NTC33) is another outstanding online betting product that is highly favored by the local online casino gamers. By leveraging on the exceptional slot games rendered by Playtech, Newtown Casino has deeply penetrated into the local online betting sphere, which is also highly renowned as one of the most remarkable online slot games in Malaysia. Moreover, there are numerousRead MoreOnline Gambling And Online Casino Gaming1742 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 25 – Manage your way to online casino success We’ve all heard the stories, as many players have been brought to their knees by the world of gambling. Online casino gaming can be notoriously cruel to some, especially those who don’t play with skill and common sense in mind. While there is no denying that there is risk involved in online casino gaming, it must be said that if you fail to prepare then you really should be prepared to fail. There is no other way around it; luck is only going toRead MoreOnline Gambling : Online Casino Gaming1753 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 7 – Online casinos continue to raise the stakes when it comes to prizes In the world of online casino gaming it truly is a jungle out there. Whether you are a player scouting an online casino portal for the best deal or an online casino fighting it out to secure new business, it can be a warzone to say the very least. However, as this war has taken place, what has occurred has actually worked wonders in pushing the industry forward. New games and new innovations are regularly released, withRead MoreOnline Gambling : Online Casino Bonus1765 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the absolute most of an online casino bonus Let me tell you something, as a true veteran of the industry, I am all to aware of what is needed from somebody in order to â€Å"make it†. While everyone will consider himself or herself to be unique, the reality is that every online gambler’s journey starts the same way. It is through online casino bonuses that modern day players are able to step into realm with dreams of winning big. Finding the right online casino bonus has made it effortless through

A Brief Note On Depression And Its Effects On American...

According to www.adaa.org about 15 million Americans suffer from depression. The ability to think positively is essential in the average american’s life. Although life has its many ups and downs it is important to stay positive through them all. â€Å"As a man thinketh so is he† (Proverbs 23:7). Additionally, this quote from the bible also portrays the idea that if positive thinking can help lead you to success and a life full of happiness. Therefore, if you think positive about the so called negative aspects of life then you will be happy, and happiness leads to success. Being black in America today is not nearly as difficult as it was in the past. Although in present times there are many different forms of prejudices, but it is not as public†¦show more content†¦So to no surprise, women are often portrayed as being weaker than males, but Giovanni refutes these past assumptions in her poem. Giovanni uses imagery and a hyperbole to exemplify the power of the women. The woman is so powerful that she is allowed to â€Å"sit on the throne... with Allah† and when she â€Å"got she sent an ice age to Europe.† Commonly, there are many different names for God and Allah is the Arabic word of God so what Giovanni is saying is that the woman is the most powerful creature after God. Furthermore, Giovanni is that they are not weak and powerless in fact, they are a lot more powerful than they society portrays them to be. Right on time in the 1920 s and 1930 s there was another time that moved around, The Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renais sance was a dynamic and academic blossoming that developed another time in the African American people group. Moreover, this time was loaded with ability, inventiveness, and mind that changed the United States and whatever is left of the world so far as that is concerned. Through all the innovativeness and the music of this time verse still prospered with many individuals communicating their contemplations on paper. While verse was a huge piece of the Renaissance, two prominent artists are Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen. Both of these writers have ballads of bounty, however there are two that emerge: I Too Sing America by Langston Hughes and Incident by CounteeShow MoreRelatedKeynes Vs Hayek Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesKeynes Versus Hayek The relationship between economists John M. Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek is quite complex. Both had influential roles in economic studies, emerging after World War II and during the Great Depression era (BBC). It’s important to note that both of these economists had opposing views when it came to economic theories and policies. Briefly summed up, Keynes theories were in support for government involvement in the economy (EconedLink). In contrast, Hayek argued that the governmentRead MorePolio : An American Story1378 Words   |  6 Pages1900s, polio was every American family’s worst nightmare. The crippling disease frequently preyed on young children, often leaving them handicapped for life if not dead. Extensive media coverage of polio outbreaks led to nationwide hysteria, prompting the race for a cure. The nation rejoiced when Jonas Salk successfully developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955. David M. Oshinky’s Polio: An American Story tells the thri lling tale behind this quest and how society coped with the outbreakRead MoreAnalysis of Mullers Viewpoint1333 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent course we are actually taking is a good one. It is evident that his framing of the issue as conflict between two diametrically-opposed worldviews was necessary, because for his intentions of dissecting the way modern capitalism has shaped society his recommendations and conclusion have little potency. The present course of action, after all, is the middle path that results from different political viewpoints converging to develop policies. If there ever was a conflict of the type he positsRead MoreBio Psycho Social Spiritual Cultural Analysis1705 Words   |  7 Pagespopularity in research and recognition as being inseparable from other dimensions of personhood. Culture is also seen as a powerful environmental dimension that demands acknowledgment to truly gain insight into a person’s worldview. The following is a brief summary of these dimensions in regards to youths experiencing bullying. I will start by describing the biological dimensions of bullying victims, perpetrators, and bully-victims. Carpanzo et al. (2011) asserts that there are gender differences inRead MoreDisordered Eating and the Media Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Kate Moss (Katzmarzk Davis, 2001). Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa affect between 1% and 4% of young adult females (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Eating disorders have been linked to body shapes and images present in the media (Shorter, Brown, Quinton Hinton, 2008). For many children it is genetically impossible for them to obtain societies ideal body image, which may contribute to their obsession for a thin body frame (Lawrie, Sullivan, Davies Hill, 2006, pp. 366).Read MoreSpanking a Child and Child Abuse1076 Words   |  5 Pagesforgiveness or reconciliation. Yes, spanking may cause brief discomfort, but it is not the same as beating, punching, or kicking a child. The Chicago Tribune author wrote, â€Å"Make no mistake: hitting a child hurts, not just physically, but psychologically† (â€Å"Child Abuse in Plain View†). The author is partially correct. Hitting a child does hurt, however; there is no solid evidence that hitting a child causes psychological issues. It is important to note that pain from a squat on the buttocks is temporaryRead MoreThe Importance of Self-Concept and Self-Esteem1252 Words   |  5 Pagesthe active or behavioral self (Brown, 1998). Self-esteem and emotion. Self-esteem has been associated with a wide array of positive and negative emotions. Depending on the discipline, self-esteem has been linked to psychological states, such as depression and anxiety, to knowledge and competence, to shame and pride, to contentment and happiness, and to anger, hostility, and resentment. It is generally accepted that self-esteem is an important and central factor in the emotional life of human beingsRead MoreDesign Of A Cross Sectional Design Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagescontext of physical activity and cardiac health. The use of journals and published study reinforced the purpose statement of this research paper. The researchers used a six minute walk test that followed the American Thoracic Society that has a moderate to good validity. The authors’ also note that the use of the SenseWear â„ ¢ Mini Wristband(SWA) also shown to be a valid and reliable measurement tool (CITE). The paper focused on the different levels of physical activity and proved that they could trackRead More Richard Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Richard Wright: Author of Black Boy† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Richard Wright’s â€Å"Black Boy† depicts the different observations of the South and the North. In the South, Wright faces pre-depression and racism. In the North, Wright faces the conflicts from the Communist party. At the end of Black Boy, Wright quotes â€Å"What had I got out of living in the city? What had I got out of living in the South?†(Wright 452) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wright’s thought of the South was that the SouthRead MoreCurrent Research On Bipolar Disorder II2570 Words   |  11 PagesCurrent Research on Bipolar Disorder II Shannon J. 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Homeland Security Free Essays

Homeland Security Community Threat Assessment Jesse Anderson Boston University Abstract The purpose of this brief is to provide Homeland Security with a terrorist threat assessment of the local community. It is suspected that an eco-terrorist organization is forming in the area. The organization’s structure, typology and force multipliers are analyzed. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeland Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary goal of Homeland Security as listed in the National Strategy for Homeland Security is the prevention and disruption of terrorist attacks (Department of Homeland Security, 2007, p. ). Despite the fact that the largest terrorist threat comes from Islamic extremist groups, other organizations that pose a threat to the Homeland must be monitored by federal, state and local governments as well. As a nation, â€Å"we confront an ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists based and operating strictly within the United States. Often referred to as ‘single-issue’ groups, they include white supremacist groups, animal rights extremists, and eco-terrorist groups, among others† (Department of Homeland Security, 2007, p. 10). Since September 11th, radical environmental groups engaged in eco-terrorism have been identified as the leading domestic terrorist threat (Vanderheiden, 2005, p. 425). It is my opinion that this type of organization is forming in the local community. Their actions thus far fall under the FBI’s definition of domestic terrorism, and their organization can be classified under a domestic geographical typology and a cause-based mode of attack typology. The organization utilizes a pyramidal structure with command, support, intelligence and tactical divisions. Technological and media force multipliers may be used to increase the striking power of the small organization. The FBI defines domestic terrorism as â€Å"the unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or Puerto Rico without foreign direction committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives† (Federal Bureau of Investigations, 2005, p. v). Recently, vandalism and arson were committed at a local construction site in which trees needed to be cut down to make room for a new housing development. This unlawful use of violence in the name of an environmental cause meant to intimidate the company funding the housing development falls under the FBI’s definition of domestic terrorism. According to Ash (as cited in Kegley, Jr. , 2003), there are four things to look at when deciding whether someone is a terrorist: biography, goals, methods, and context (p. 62). Graffiti at the scene suggests that the offenders are associated with the Earth Liberation Front. In the past, this organization has had similar incidents of violence and vandalism to intimidate anti-environmental companies all over the nation. The goal of E. L. F â€Å"is to cause targeted economic harm to anti-environmental offenders in order to remove the profit motive from killing the earth and all life on it† (Vanderheiden, 2005, p. 426). This goal is achieved through property attacks using methods of vandalism, arson, and bombings. Members are not oppressed, and have the ability to air their grievances and make their cause known peacefully. Thus, instilling fear in the public through violent property attacks with the aim of achieving political and social objectives can not be justified. Therefore, using the FBI definition and through examination of biography, goals, methods and context, it is determined that the local E. L. F. group is a terrorist organization. This organization can be classified through geographical or modes of attack typologies. Since the attack was committed within this country by residents of this country, the organization is classified as domestic (Goldstein, 2008, Typologies of Terrorism section). Under the modes of attack typology, this organization is classified as â€Å"cause-based†. This is because the group is devoted to an environmental social cause, and is using violence and vandalism to â€Å"address their grievances† (Goldstein, 2008, Typologies of Terrorism section). As the case with most terrorist organizations, the group’s structure is most likely pyramidal with command, support, tactical and intelligence subsections (Goldstein, 2008, Organization of a Terrorist Group section). The person in command is at the tip of the pyramid and oversees all aspects of the operation. The support section is responsible for the materials necessary for the attacks. Surveillance, planning, and target assessment is the responsibility of the intelligence section. Finally, the tactical section carries out the actual terrorist action. Although the local E. L. F. group is estimated to be small in number, force multipliers allow for the â€Å"increase in striking power without increasing the strength of the unit† (White, 2009, pp. 98-99). This organization will most likely utilize technology and the media as force multipliers. Eco-terrorists like the E. L. F. re careful to cause damage only to property and not people. Therefore, the use of weapons of mass destruction is unlikely. Cyberterrorism, however, is a possibility. â€Å"Cyberterrorism refers to the use of computers to attack technological targets or physical attacks on computer networks† (White, 2009, p. 101). Many companies in this area that could be targets for this local E. L. F. group rely heavily on computer networks. The use of computer viruses to attack the information structures of these companies would cause a great deal of harm, making it a very attractive option. Additionally, media reports on arsons and bombings committed by the organization gives â€Å"recognition to their causes, grievances and demands† and can also serve as a â€Å"psychological weapon† (White, 2009, p. 205). As such, the use of cyberterrorism and the media as force multipliers should be anticipated. In conclusion, Homeland Security’s dedication to preventing and disrupting terrorist attacks in America has led to an analysis of suspected terrorist activity in the local community. Islamic extremist groups may pose the greatest terrorist threat to America, but there are still domestic terrorist organizations that need to be confronted. It is suspected that an eco-terrorist organization affiliated with the Earth Liberation Front has formed in the local community. This local E. L. F. group can be determined as a terrorist organization through application of the FBI’s definition of domestic terrorism and the examination of its biography, goals, context, and violent methods. The organization can be classified as domestic or cause-based under geographical or modes of attack typologies. Furthermore, a pyramid structure with command, support, intelligence and tactical subsections is most likely being used. Along with traditional modes of attack, media and technological force multipliers might be used by the organization to increase their striking power. How to cite Homeland Security, Papers

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibilities

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibilities. Answer: Introduction This study is based on the subject area of corporate governance and social responsibility. In order to get better knowledge over the subject, the case study of James Hardie is selected for this study. The analysis of the case study of James Hardie provides a clear view of the corporate responsibilities and corporate governance activities of a business organization. In this study, the corporate governance responsibilities, corporate governance issues as well as the actions taken by the stakeholders of James Hardie are evaluated and analyzed in the answers of six different questions. At the end of the study, the conclusion is derived by jotting down the findings in overall study. Identifying various stakeholders of James Hardie and corporate governance responsibilities of the company Stakeholder Group of James Hardie Corporate Governance Responsibilities Owed by Directors of James Hardie Employees The primary corporate governance responsibility of the directors at James Hardie is providing healthy working environment at the workplace. At the same time, it is also the duty or corporate governance responsibility of the directors to inform the employees about the possible harm while working within the organization (Tricker 2015). Apart from these, the directors at James Hardie are also responsible for ensuring sufficient compensation package that will be given to the employees for any kind of physical damage caused by the activities of the company (Azeez 2015). Investors The directors of James Hardie also have some corporate governance responsibilities towards the investors. The first corporate governance responsibility is to provide all relevant information related to the business activities and financial position of the company to the investors. Along with that, it is also the responsibility of the directors to file the actual return on the investments on time in the annual report of the company (Galloway 2016). Shareholders Towards the shareholders, the directors of the company are also responsible. It is the corporate governance responsibility of the directors to provide all information in detail to the shareholders along with the investors. At the same time, the cost structure of the company and the investments made by the company in different areas are also needed to be disclosed to the shareholders (Moerman and van der Laan 2015). Apart from that, the directors also need to provide the pros and cons of the business activities of the company to the shareholders. Government Towards the government, the corporate governance responsibility of the directors is to provide each detail of the financial performances of the company like they provide the information to the shareholders and investors (Anderson and Lama 2015). Along with that, it is also the responsibility of the directors to ensure that the company is maintaining the rules and regulations like, Corporation Act 2001, provided by the government of the country or state. Society The corporate governance responsibility of the directors towards the society is to maintain the healthy environment, where the company is having its plant. At the same time, the corporate governance responsibility of the directors is to ensure that the company is producing and delivering of better quality products (Galloway 2016). Customers The directors of James Hardie are responsible to provide each detail of the products to the customers, while selling the products to the customers. If the product is including any harmful element or material, then also it is essential to disclose that fact also along with the possible harmful effect of the product (Lama and Anderson 2015). Corporate governance issues at James Hardie ASX Principles Key Corporate Governance Issues Corresponding to that ASX Principles Lay solid foundation for the management and the oversight of the company The board of directors at James Hardie failed to develop proper policy so that the management of the company can manage the operations properly. Due to this particular problem, the business operation of the company was ceased by the government authority. The corporate governance policies of the company concentrated more on enhancing the profitability and tried to conceal the unethical business of the company. Therefore, the ASX principle has not been properly followed by James Hardie (Sharma 2015). The company must promote the ethical and responsible decision-making for the business operation The board of directors or the higher management at James Hardie failed to promote the ethical and responsible decision-making. As the management of the company was aware of the negative impacts of manufacturing asbestos-based products, they should have disclose the fact to the employees and needed to provide proper compensation to the employees (Du Plessis, Hargovan and Bagaric 2010). However, there was nothing mentioned in the reports of the company regarding the asbestos related issues. At the same time, the corporate governance policies had not included any such compensation until the case of workers compensation occurred in the year 1939 (Jameshardie.com.au 2016). The company must safeguard the financial reporting integrity The company failed to safeguard the financial reporting integrity also. In the year 2001, James Hardie declared that the company will meet the liabilities and all of the future and past claims and at the same time, it will provide required fund to the Medical Research Compensation Foundation or MRCF. In 2006, it was founded by KPMG that the company had not funded MRCF with required amount, but the activities of the company had not break the legal boundary. However, the company had not made reliable estimates and misleads the public statements (Moerman, L., and van der Laan 2015). The company must provide respect to the rights of the shareholders The corporate governance policies at James Hardie showed that the company has provided proper respect to the rights of its shareholders. However, in reality, the company had misled the financial statements. The company stated that the liability of asbestos-related diseases is A$1.5 million. However, the company used A$30 million shareholders fund in order to meet the liability. At the same time, company had not disclosed that the MRCF is underfunded until it was founded by KPMG. These show that the rights of the shareholders were ignored by the company (Wan 2015). The company must recognize the possible risks and try to manage them The higher authority at James Hardie was aware about the fact that the manufacturing of asbestos-related products is injurious to health of the employees as well as for the neighbors of the manufacturing plants. However, until 1939, the company corporate governance had not included any policy related to the management of the risks. Moreover, the company had not stopped its asbestos-related products manufacturing and did not provide required compensation and did not provide required fund to the MRCF (Jameshardie.com.au 2016). The company must provide fair remuneration and responsibility It is one of the primary principles of ASX that the company should provide fair remuneration and responsibility to the employees. However, the company had not paid proper remuneration to its base level employees as per the risk that the employees bear during the manufacture of the asbestos products (Boggio 2016). Actions that James Hardie could have take ASX Principles Actions that the company should have taken to comply with the ASX guidelines Lay solid foundation for the management and the oversight of the company (Council 2007) The board of directors of the company that is James Hardie should have disclose the possible negative impacts of manufacturing the asbestos-related products in the annual report and at the same time, the management could have stated the proper measures to manage the impacts in the corporate governess policies of the company. If the company had taken this action, then negative impacts of companys activities would have been clear to the government and the other stakeholders of the company (Rainford 2015). At the same time, the stakeholders of the company would have been aware about the steps to manage the situation. The company must promote the ethical and responsible decision-making for the business operation (Council 2007) In order to meet the guidelines provided by ASX, the directors of James Hardie could have stop the usual procedure of manufacturing the asbestos-related products and could have start more improved procedure that is less harmful. At the same time, the company needed to take proper decision regarding the compensation scheme to the employees (Gopalan and Guihot 2015). Along with that, as the work of the base-level employees was full of health-related risks, the company needed to provide high wage to the employees. These decisions or actions would have been more ethical because these show that the company is responsible towards its employees. The company must safeguard the financial reporting integrity This particular guideline of ASX could have been followed by the company by stating all the actual financial figures in the financial statements of the company. The company needed to provide more fund to the MRCF. If it was impossible for the company to provide more fund to MRCF, then the company could have at least mention the actual funded value in its financial statements. At the same time, the management needed to consider reliable estimates and mentioned that in the financial reports. These actions would help the company to maintain the transparency of its financial activities (Lindgren and Phillips 2016), which would enhance the trusts of the stakeholders on the activities of the firm. Along with that, maintenance of proper financial transparency could have save the company from any kind of operational guilt. The company must provide respect to the rights of the shareholders (Council 2007) In order to provide proper respect to the rights of the shareholders, the company could have disclosed the actual costs structure of it to them. The matter of underfund of the MRCF could have been disclosed in front of the shareholders. These actions would have increased the reliability of the shareholders on the activities of the company (White 2015). The company should not have done misleading communication with the shareholders because if a company misleads the shareholders, it becomes impossible to attract new shareholders towards the company. The company must recognize the possible risks and try to manage them In case of James Hardie, the company knew that its business activities are injurious to the health of the employees and the other people. however, in order to manage the matter in a better way, the company could have disclose the real impact of asbestos-products manufacturing on the health of the employees. Along with that, the company also could have mention how the employees can get rid of this problem (Gopalan and Guihot 2016). For this, the company could have provided extra medical facilities and allowances to the employees for taking care of their health. This action would help the organization in better management of the risks. The company must provide fair remuneration and responsibility (Council 2007) In order to maintain this principle or guideline, the company could have increase the remuneration packages of the employees after the disclosure of the fact that the manufacturing activities of James Hardie is having negative health impacts. If the company had done this, then the employees might not claim for extra compensation and the brand image of the company could have been maintained (Lindgren and Phillips 2016). Effects of the decisions taken by the directors of James Hardie on the long term interests of each stakeholder Stakeholder Group of James Hardie How long term interests of stakeholder groups were affected or exacerbated Employees Due to the continuation of the manufacturing the asbestos-based products during 1960s to 1987, the health of the employees degraded more and the effects of the unhealthy working environment remained for 15 to 30 years after the employees exposed to the asbestos dust. At the same time, the employees were in loss of proper amount of compensation for their health issues (Boggio 2016). Investors As the company announced that it is liable for the manufacturing of unhealthy asbestos-based products and responsible for the health issues of the employees, the investors believed that the company will act ethically and meet the liabilities. Due to this the investors continued their investments (Moerman and van der Laan 2015). However, the company did not stop the production. At the same time, the company also misstated the financial figures in the annual report. Due to which the investors did not get proper return and as the company continued the operation, which negatively affected its reputation (Rainford 2015). For this, the financial performance of the company declined. Shareholders The company withdrew excessive amount of money from the shareholders fund for meeting the liability, however, actually, the liability was less. This affected the return percentage of the shareholders. Along with that, due to the controversies, the share value declined and company had to pay high amount of money as penalty. This again decreased the income of the shareholders (Du Plessis, Hargovan and Bagaric 2010). Government Due to the continuation of the operational activities from 1960s to 1987 and underfunded the MRCF, NSW sate government charged A$4.5 billion from James Hardie for Final Funding Agreement. At the same time, with the support of Australian Taxation Office, the Asbestos Injuries Compensation Fund Limited received high annual income from the company (Wan 2015). Society The environmental condition of the places beside the manufacturing plant of James Hardie declined due to the continuation of the production. This affected the health of the people in the society became weak and they were affected by the lung cancer and many other diseases. Comment on the decision taken by the board of director in mid 1960s In mid 1960s the higher authority of James Hardie disclosed the asbestos-related diseases information to its employees and announced that the company will pay the liability and compensation to the employees for their health issues. However, the company continued the operations or the manufacture of asbestos-related products. As per the KPMGs report, the financial decision taken by the management or the board of directors of the company was under the law. However, the estimates made by the company were not proper (Jameshardie.com.au 2016). From the legal point of view, the activities and decisions of the company were right. However, if the analysis is made from the moral ethical point of view, then it can be clearly said that the activities of the company were unethical. The higher authority of the company was always aware of the negative effects of the production of asbestos-related products, but they never disclosed the fact (Lindgren and Phillips 2016). In fact, the management did not even provided proper compensation to the employees for their health issues. Moreover, after 1939, when the workers compensation case happened, the company did not stop its operation and it announced that it will meet the liabilities. The production of asbestos-based products not only affected the health of the employees, but it also affected the health of the people in the society (White 2015). On the other side, the company had also provided misleading statements in its reports. Therefore, by considering all of these matters, it can b e stated that the activities or the decisions taken by James Hardie were morally unethical. However, from the business ethics point of view, it can be said that the decisions taken by the management of James Hardie were in favor of the business growth of the company. The board of directors of the company highly concentrated on increasing the profitability and maintaining the business growth, which were ethical from business point of view. However, as it misled its employees, it was against the business ethics (Boggio 2016). Identifying the effects of the actions taken by stakeholders on James Hardies sustainability The activities done by James Hardie were morally unethical and due to that different stakeholders of the company had taken different actions. These actions affected the corporate sustainability of the company. The effects of the actions taken by the stakeholders of James Hardie are discussed below: Specific stakeholder group How did the action threaten James Hardies corporate sustainability Government The state government in NSW claimed total amount of A$4.5 billion from the company for the Final Funding Agreement. At the same time, the company was also charged by the Injuries Compensation Fund Limited to pay a percentage on its free cash flow and capital percentage on an annual basis. These charges affected the financial position of the company. At the same time, due to the breach of the Corporation Act 2001, the investigation has been carried on the corporate structures of the company in different countries. All of these affected the reputation of the company. At the same time, the JHIL shares of the company were cancelled and the company was failure in the proper disclosure of information. Due to this, the company was penalized. As the reputation of the company was highly affected, the company failed to gain the competency in the market and as a result, the sustainability of the company came in to unstable situation (Tricker 2015). Employees The employees of James Hardie demanded for proper compensation and as the government of the country was in favor of the employees, the company was bound to meet the liabilities or pay the compensation. This increased the cost structure of the company. Due to this, the financial and market position of the company was badly affected (Azeez 2015). Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the operational activities of the company that is James Hardie were morally unethical. The interests of the stakeholders of the company were negatively affected due to the unhealthy and unethical business operations of the company. The study has found out that James Hardie continued its unhealthy production activities after knowing that the production will affect the health of the employees as well the people in the outside area of the manufacturing plant. It has also been identified that the company has not maintained the ASX principles in the proper way. However, the study has mentioned about some essential steps, that the company or the management of the company could have taken in order to manage the situation in a better manner. At the same time, the study has found out that due to the unethical business activities of James Hardie, the stakeholders of the company have taken several steps, which affected the sustainability of the company. Reference list: Anderson, W., and Lama, T. 2015. Company characteristics and compliance with ASX corporate governance principles. Azeez, A. 2015. Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Sri Lanka.Journal of Finance,3(1), 180-189. 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